Man kann zusammen mit dem Nichtjuden in der Weinpresse treten [und wir sagen nicht, dass er Nutzen aus verbotenen Dingen zieht. Aus diesem Grund ist Tanna der Ansicht, dass es sogar erlaubt ist, es zu trinken, solange es nicht in die Zisterne hinabgestiegen ist. Und Anfälligkeit für Tumah (Gorem) zu verursachen, kommt hier nicht zustande. Denn von der Zeit an, als der Nichtjude sie ein wenig betrat, werden sie zu Tamei, so dass der Jude hier kein Gorem ist.] Aber er darf nicht mit ihm (Trauben) pflücken. [Denn er (der Nichtjude) legt sie in seine Weinpresse, die Tamei ist. Und der Nichtjude macht die Trauben mit seiner Berührung zahm, und der Jude, der mit ihm pflückt, ist ein Gorem von Tumah. Und diese Tanna besagt, dass es verboten ist, in Eretz Israel ein Gorem von Tumah zu sein, um Chullin (nicht geweihtes Essen) zu chullinieren, selbst das eines Nichtjuden. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit dieser Mischna überein, denn wir sind der Meinung, dass der Wein, sobald er (in der Weinpresse) nach unten fließt, zu Yayin Nesech wird. Daher ist es verboten, mit einem Nichtjuden in der Weinpresse zu treten. Und wir sind der Meinung, dass es erlaubt ist, in Eretz Yisrael ein Gorem von Tumah zu sein, wenn der Chullin einem Nichtjuden gehört. Daher ist es erlaubt, mit einem Nichtjuden (Trauben) zu pflücken. Und obwohl er dadurch ein Gorem von Tumah bis Chullin ist, ist daran nichts Negatives. Ein Jude, der seinen Weinberg pflückt, darf jedoch von Anfang an keinen Nichtjuden nehmen, um ihm zu helfen, selbst um die Trauben zur Weinpresse zu bringen, weil sie sagen: "Geh, geh" (weit weg vom Weinberg) der Nazarit usw. '"] Es ist verboten, mit einem Juden zu treten oder zu pflücken, der (seine Früchte) in einem Zustand der Tumah verarbeitet. [Er (der Besitzer) übertritt damit, denn er macht die Terumoth und Ma'aseroth unter ihnen zahm. Es ist daher verboten, ihm zu helfen, damit er sich nicht daran gewöhnt.] Aber er kann [leere] Krüge zur Weinpresse mitbringen, und er kann [volle Krüge] von der Weinpresse mitbringen, [z "Was passiert ist, ist passiert." Sobald sie (die Trauben) zu Tamei werden, ist es erlaubt, den Wein in Krüge zu gießen, die Tamei sind.] Es ist verboten, (den Teig) zu kneten oder mit einem Bäcker zu formen, der ihn in einem Zustand von Tumah verarbeitet, aber er darf die (fertigen Brote) mit in den Laden bringen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
דורכין עם העכו"ם בגת – and we don’t say that he is making a living with what is prohibited from deriving benefit, for this Tanna/thinks [that even] with drinking, it is permitted as long as he doesn’t go down into the cistern. But there isn’t anything concerning causing ritual defilement for from the time when the idolater treads upon them [a little bit], they were ritually defiled, so it is found that the Israelite did not cause the ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Introduction
This mishnah discusses what actions a Jew may or may not do to help a non-Jew in the winemaking process. The second and third sections of the mishnah discuss helping ritually impure winemakers and bakers. These sections are only brought into our tractate due to their similarity to the halakhah in section one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל לא בוצרין עמו – because he places them into a ritually impure vat for wine pressing. For the idolater defiles the grapes through his contact and the Israelite who cuts with him causes ritual defilement. But this Tanna/teacher holds that it is forbidden to cause ritual defilement for non-holy produce that is in the Land of Israel, even if they belong to the idolater. But the Halakha is not according to this Mishnah for we hold that since the wine began to be drawn, it became libation wine, therefore, we do not tread with the idolater in the vat for wine pressing. And we hold that it is permissible to cause ritual from produce, there is nothing in this. But however, an Israelite who harvests his vineyard ab initio, the idolater should not take with him, even to bring the grapes to the vat, because we say, “go around Nazirite, etc. (that you may not come near the vineyard” – see Numbers Rabbah 6:10).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
A Jew may tread the winepress together with a non-Jew but may not pick grapes with him. A Jew is allowed to tread grapes in a winepress with a non-Jew, since the wine does not become yen nesekh until it goes down into the vat (see previous mishnah). However, a Jew may not pick grapes with the non-Jew for the non-Jew causes the grapes to become impure. When the non-Jew puts the grapes in his impure winepress, the grapes will become impure. If a Jew helps him to do so, the Jew is helping to make produce grown in the land of Israel impure. The reason that treading on the grapes is permitted is that as soon as the non-Jew touches them, they are already impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
וישראל העושה פירותיו בטומאה – he commits a sin because he defiles the Priest’s Due and Tithes that are within them. Therefore, it is forbidden to assist him in order that he become accustomed to this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If an israelite was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither tread nor pick with him, but one may move [empty] casks with him to the press and carry them [filled] with him from the press. An Israelite who works in a winepress while impure is committing a sin, for he is impurifying the terumah and tithes and thereby rendering them inedible. Since this is forbidden, another Jew may not even tread in the winepress with him, because that would be aiding a transgressor. However, the other Jew may help this Jew before the process begins by bringing jugs to the winepress and he may help him remove the jugs when the pressing is over. In other words, it is only forbidden to help him while the impure pressing is going on. Before and after it is permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל מוליכין עמו – an empty barrel to the vat, and he brings it with him filled barrels from the winepress, for what has happened has happened for after they have been ritually defiled, it is permissible to put the wine in impure barrels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If a baker was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither knead nor roll dough with him but we may carry loaves with him to the bakery. The same rules that were stated in section two with regards to helping a winemaker who presses his wine while impure, are also true with regards to the impure baker. One may not help him in the baking process, for he causes impurity to the terumah and tithes. However, one may help him after the loaves are already baked.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Questions for Further Thought: • Why is it permitted to help the non-Jew tread but not to help the impure Jew, even though both cause the grapes to become impure?
